Common use
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant used to prevent organ transplant rejection and to treat certain autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. It works by inhibiting the activity of T-lymphocytes, a key component of the immune system response. By suppressing immune function, it helps the body accept transplanted organs and reduces inflammation in autoimmune conditions. It is also used in ophthalmic form to treat dry eye disease.

Dosage and direction
Dosage is individualized based on the condition treated, body weight, and blood cyclosporine levels. For transplant patients, it is usually taken twice daily, with doses adjusted according to therapeutic drug monitoring. It should be taken at the same times each day, consistently with or without food. Swallow capsules whole and avoid grapefruit juice, as it may affect drug levels.

Precautions
Before starting cyclosporine, inform your doctor of any history of kidney or liver problems, hypertension, or infections. Regular monitoring of kidney function, liver enzymes, and blood pressure is required during treatment. The drug may increase the risk of infections and certain cancers, including lymphoma. Avoid vaccinations without your doctor’s approval while using cyclosporine.

Contraindications
Cyclosporine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components. It should not be used in uncontrolled hypertension or in combination with other nephrotoxic or immunosuppressive agents unless closely monitored. It is not recommended for patients with active serious infections or certain malignancies. Avoid use during pregnancy and breastfeeding unless clearly needed.

Possible side effect
Common side effects include high blood pressure, kidney dysfunction, tremors, headache, and increased body hair. Other possible effects include gum overgrowth, high cholesterol levels, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Serious side effects may involve severe infections, liver problems, or neurotoxicity. Notify your doctor if you experience persistent fever, fatigue, vision changes, or swelling.

Drug interaction
Cyclosporine interacts with many drugs, including NSAIDs, antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin), antifungals, anticonvulsants, and statins. It may increase or decrease the levels of other medications and vice versa. Avoid using it with grapefruit juice, as it can raise cyclosporine levels and toxicity risk. Always review all medications and supplements with your healthcare provider.

Missed dose
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it’s close to your next dose. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one. Maintaining a consistent schedule is critical to avoid rejection or flare-ups. Inform your doctor if multiple doses are missed.

Overdose
Overdose may result in kidney failure, seizures, confusion, or electrolyte disturbances. Seek emergency medical help immediately. Treatment involves supportive care, drug level monitoring, and in some cases, dialysis. Early intervention is crucial for a good outcome.

Storage
Store cyclosporine at room temperature, away from light, moisture, and heat. Keep capsules in the original container with the lid tightly closed. Avoid refrigeration of oral liquid forms. Keep out of reach of children.

Disclaimer

We provide only general information about medications which does not cover all directions, possible drug integrations, or precautions. Information at the site cannot be used for self-treatment and self-diagnosis. Any specific instructions for a particular patient should be agreed with your health care adviser or doctor in charge of the case. We disclaim reliability of this information and mistakes it could contain. We are not responsible for any direct, indirect, special or other indirect damage as a result of any use of the information on this site and also for consequences of self-treatment.